Urugero ni BASESAYOSE Vincent utuye mu murenge wa Mukama, akagari ka Rugarama mu mudugudu wa Byimana ho mu karere ka Nyagatare.
Mu mwaka wa 2007 yagwiriwe n’inzu ahita agira ubumuga buri ku kigero cya 95% by’umubiri we. (icyiciro cya mbere cy’ubumuga). Abaganga bamwandikira kuba mu kiruhuko cya burundu.
Mu buzima bwe yemerewe kubaho afite aho yegamiye cyangwa aryamye, gusa afite imbago zimufasha kuva ahantu akajya ahandi kuko amaguru yo yagize ubumuga butatuma ayagendesha.
Ku birebana n’inzitizi mu buzima, yabwiye purenews.rw ko abantu bamunegura ariko kandi ko byari bikwiye guhinduka. Ati:”Ubu se urumva ubwonko bwanjye hari ikibazo bufite? Turi nko mu nama ngahabwa ijambo urumva ntanga igitekerezo kandi kizima? kuko ubwonko bwanjye burakora. Ntiwahindura abantu, ariko kumva ko umuntu ufite ubumuga ntacyo amaze ni imyumvire ya kera ikwiye guhinduka”.
Iteka No 20/19 ryo ku wa 27/07/2009 rya minisitiri w’ubuzima rigena uburyo bwo korohereza abafite ubumuga mu kwivuza, ingingo yaryo ya 2 iragira iti:”…Ku byerekeye uruhare rw’ufite ubumuga mu kwivuza no kugura imiti abari mu byiciro biri hagati ya 50%-100% bishyurirwa na leta naho abari mu cyiciro cyo hagati ya 30% na 49% batishoboye nabo bishyurirwa na leta”.
Gusa iyi ngingo n’izindi zimwe na zimwe ngo ntibyubahirizwa nubwo bimaze imyaka isaga 13 mu mpapuro.
BASESAYOSE Vincent avuga ko byari bikwiriye ko harebwa ukuntu inkunga ihabwa abafite ubumuga bukabije yakongerwa kugira ngo bashobore kwivana mu bwigunge icyakora anashima ubuyobozi agira ati:”Nubwo hari igihe bitinda tubona bimwe mu bibazo byacu iyo twabyeretse abayobozi bikemuka. Nko kuba n’izi nkunga duhabwa ziboneka byavuye mu nama y’igihugu y’abantu bafite ubumuga”.
We avuga ko kuva mu mwaka wa 2015-2018 buri kwezi yarahabwaga inkunga y’ingoboka y’ibihumbi makumyabiri na kimwe (21.000Frw) hagakurwaho amafaramga igihumbi na Magana atanu (1500 Frw) y’ubwiteganyirize mu kigega “Ejo Heza” agasigarana ibihumbi cumi n’icyenda na Magana atanu (19.500 Frw).
BASESAYOSE avuga ko iyi nkunga y’ingoboka ihabwa umuntu ufite ubumuga ariko utarengeje abanyamuryango babiri bashobora gukora nubwo baba badafite icyo bakora cyazamura imibereho, nabyo ngo bigasubiza hasi imiryango yabo.
Yemeza ko hari indi nkuru y’inshamugongo baherutse kubarirwa n’ubuyobozi bwo mu mudugudu ko mu minsi iri imbere “Umuntu ufite ubumuga ariko ufite ubutaka nibura bwa kimwe cya kane cya hegitari (1/4Ha ni ukuvuga metero 25 kuri 25) atazongera guhabwa inkunga y’ingoboka”. Akavuga ko uretse n’ufite ubumuga n’utabufite ubu butaka butamutungana n’umuryango.
Gusa mu masezerano mpuzamahanga u Rwanda rwashyizeho umukono agamije kurengera abafite ubumuga, mu ngingo zirebana no kubungabunga imibereho myiza, ingingo ya 28 mu gika cyayo cya C havuga ko:”[leta zigomba] Gukora ku buryo abafite ubumuga hamwe n’imiryango yabo baba mu bukene babona inkunga ya leta yerekeranye no gufasha abafite ubumuga. Muri iyo nkunga harimo amahugurwa, ubujyanama, inkunga y’amafaranga no kwitabwaho ku bw’ubuzima.” Gusa ngo ku ngingo y’ubufasha bw’amafaranga no kuvuzwa ntibirakorwa ijana ku ijana nkuko biteganywa n’iri tegeko-teka.
Byagenda bite ngo abafite ubumuga bo mu cyaro be kwigunga
MUTONI Donatha ni umwe mu bafite ubumuga batuye muri aka karere ka Nyagatare. Afite ubumuga bugishakirwa inyito (bamwe bita inyonjo). Akomoka mu murenge wa Rwempasha, akagari ka Cyenjojo mu mudugugudu wa Cyenjojo I, Akaba ashinzwe imiyoborere myiza mu bafite ubumuga mu karere ka Nyagatare.
Arashima ko hari byinshi bigenda bihinduka ariko akifuza ko mu rwego rwo kurinda abafite ubumuga bwo mu cyaro guhera mu bwigunge bajya basurwa kenshi na bagenzi babo kuko byabatera ijabo no kwishyuka.
Avuga ko:”Komite zatowe mu nzego z’ubuyobozi ku karere, mu mirenege no mu tugari ziragerageza ariko ziracyafite imbogamizi yo kugera ku babatoye kuko iyo batowe ariko ntibegere ababatoye keshi hasi mu cyaro, ntibitanga umusaruro watuma abafite ubumuga barushaho kumva neza gahunda za leta n’izireba abafite ubumuga zose”.
Avuga ko hashakwa uko inshuro nyinshi akarere kajya kaborohereza kwegera abafite ubumuga bakagirana ibiganiro ku midugudu mu cyaro.
INGABIRE Beatrice we ni umubyeyi ufite ubumuga bwo kutabona. Twamusanze mumurenge wa Mukama, mu mudugudu wa Sipure (Cypre) mu kagari ka Rugarama muri aka karere ka Nyagatare. Arashimira ubuyobozi bwabo kandi koko ubona ko atihebye nubwo amaze imyaka isaga 15 atabona.
Iyo umubajije imvano y’akanyamuneza afite akubwira ko abikesha imiyoborere myiza ya leta y’ubumwe bw’abanyarwanda uko ngo idaheza habe no kuvangura abanyarwanda.
Ubwo namubazaga uko yiyumva kuba afatanya n’abandi babona mu buyobozi yarasubije ati:”Icyiza cyabyo wumva nawe wifitiye icyizere, ukumva ubisanzuyeho bikakubuza kwitindaho no gufatwa n’agahinda ngo wigunge”.
Beatrice avuga ko abayobozi bo mu nzego z’ibanze bita ku bafite ubumuga kandi babitaho mu buzima bwa buri munsi ariko ko inkunga y’ingoboka yongerewe byaba byiza kurushaho. Ati:”Nkanjye mfite abana babiri kandi bariga, iyo rero inkunga y’ingoboka yaje ndayabasaranganya nkabaguriramo udukoresho two ku ishuli, ariko nyine bikaba bidahagije kuko nta bundi bushobozi mba mfite”.
Arasaba ko abana be bafashwa bagakomeza kwiga. Ati:”Habonetse ubufasha bwihariye bw’abafite ubumuga mu buryo buhoraho byaba byiza cyane kuko byabahindurira ubuzima. Iyo harebwe abababaye kurusha abandi usanga hagize benshi badahabwa ingoboka nyamara nabo nta yindi mibereho bafite.”
KUBWA Silver RUBONEKA ushinzwe imibereho myiza n’iterambere mu karere ka Nyagatare yatubwiye ko mu karere bita ku bibazo by’abafite ubumuga uko bikwiye. Ati:”Tubitaho nk’abandi bakene bose kuko ufite ubumuga wese si ko aba ari umukene”.
Guhagararirwa mu nzego z’ubuyobozi bibafitiye akamaro
Kuva mu mwaka wa 2011 byemejwe ko abantu bafite ubumuga bahagararirwa mu nzego z’ubuyobozi. Ubu bahagarariwe kuva mu kagari, mu murenge, mu karere ndetse no mu nteko ishinga amategeko.
Depite Mussolini Eugene uhagarariye abafite ubumuga mu nteko ishinga amategeko avuga ko leta y’u Rwanda idaheza ndetse ko ari yo mpamvu n’abafite ubumuga bahagarariwe mu nzego z’ubuyobozi bw’igihugu.
Yabwiye purenews.rw ko mu buvugizi bakora, harimo ko hagiye kuvugururwa itegeko ryerekeye abafite ubumuga ryo mu wa 2007 rigahuzwa na politiki nshya irengera abafite ubumuga yashyizweho mu mwaka wa 2021 akizeza abafite ubumuga ko hari byinshi byiza bizabageraho nubwo anabasaba kwishakamo ibisubizo nk’abandi banyarwanda bose.
Aha yagize ati:”…Erega isi dutuyemo si paradizo. Nta muntu ndumva wicaye gusa akabona umubeshaho. Leta y’ubumwe ntabwo yabirengagije ahubwo haba hari imirongo migari ya politiki ikiri kwigwaho”.
Mussolini avuga ko muri Minisiteri zose hari amateka y’abaminisitiri arengera abafite ubumuga ariko ko ubu noneho by’umwihariko hari no kugenzurwa uko ibirebana n’ubuvuzi bwabo bwajya bworoshywa kurusha uko bisanzwe.
Akemeza ko ”Inama y’igihugu y’abafite ubumuga, MINISANTE na MINALOC ubu bafite gahunda yo guhuza amakuru ku buryo ubuvuzi ndetse n’ibikoresho bikenerwa n’abafite ubumuga byajya byishyurirwa ku bwishingizi ntihagire uwo bigora”.
Ibikoresho birimo nk’insimburangingo n’ibindi bizahabwa ibiciro, bijye bigira ahantu hazwi bibarizwa ku buryo bitazongera kugira ufite ubumuga ugorwa no kubona insimburangingo.
Ku birebana no gufasha abafite ubumuga, Mussolini Eugene yagize ati:”umuntu ashobora kugira ubumuga bw’ingingo zimwe na zimwe ku mubiri ariko ntibihita bivuga ko uwo muntu nta bushobozi afite ku buryo ahita aba uwo gufashwa.
Gusa yemeza ko hari ukoroherezwa baba bakwiye guhabwa, Ariko abwira abafite ubumuga ati:”Twitabire gahunda zigamije kuduteza imbere twashyiriweho tugire umwete kuko hafashwa uwifashije”
Urugero ni nko kuba avuga ko mu iteka rya Minisitiri ufite umurimo mu nshingano harimo ko :”igihe mu bahatanira umwanya w’akazi ufite ubumuga anganyije amanota n’udafite ubumuga, umwanya uhita uhabwa ufite ubumuga”, agasaba abafite ubumuga kwigirira icyizere abize bakajya bamenya ko hari inzitizi bakuriweho bityo babibyaze umusaruro.
Mu Rwanda, Abafite ubumuga barimo ibyiciro bitanu. Haba abafite ubumuga bw’uruhu, abafite ubumuga bw’ingingo, abafite ubumuga bw’ubugufi bukabije, abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona n’abafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe.
Imibare y’ikigo cy’igihugu cy’abantu bafite ubumuga (NCPD) igaragaza ko mu Rwanda hari abantu 391.775 bafite ubumuga. Muri bo abantu 174.949 ni abagabo naho 216.826 ni ab’igitsina gore.
Abenshi muri aba bantu bafite ubumuga ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko baba mu bice by’icyaro kuko habaruwe yo abasaga 281.302 bahwanye na 3.7% mu gihe mu migi habaruwe abantu bafite ubumuga 110473 bangana na 2.8% by’abafite ubumuga.
Intara y’amajyepfo iza imbere y’izindi mu kugira abafite ubumuga benshi (3.7%) intara y’uburasirazuba ifite 3.6% mu gihe umujyi wa Kigali urimo abafite ubumuga bangana na 2.3%
Kugeza ubu abafite ubumuga bw’uruhu bamaze kubonerwa amavuta atangirwa hafi y’aho ufite ubwo bumuga aherereye kandi buri wese ayahabwa nta kiguzi yatswe.
Hari abafite ubumuga bahamya ko bagenda bigirira icyizere ariko ko ingaruka z’ubumuga zikiri imbogamizi ikeneye gukemurwa n’amikoro kuko ubukene bw’ifaranga bubasubiza hasi bagakomeza kugaragara nk’abantu bihariye nanone icyizere kikayoyoka.
Yanditswe na NKURIKIYIMANA Modeste
